Prosthodontic Dentistry (or Prosthetic Dentistry) treats missing teeth or treats existing teeth that have significant damage. Restorations are used to replace or restore missing teeth or missing parts of the tooth structure.

• Dental Implants
• Dental Crowns
• Dental Bridges
• Dentures
• Dental Fillings

Benefits of Prosthetics
The benefits of fixing missing teeth include:

1. Prevents existing teeth from drifting into surrounding space of the missing teeth
2. Teeth out of position can damage tissues in the mouth
3. The difficulty of thorough cleaning between crooked teeth runs the risk of tooth decay and periodontal (gum) disease that can lead to the loss of additional teeth.
4. Improves out your smile
5. Helps to properly chew food
6. May improve speech
7. Prevent a sagging face by providing support for lips and cheeks

Dentures
A denture replaces missing teeth and adjacent tissues. Unlike dental implants, a denture is removable. There are two main types of dentures (i) complete dentures and partial dentures

Benefits of Dentures

• Prevents existing teeth from drifting into surrounding space of the missing teeth
• Teeth out of position can damage tissues in the mouth
• Helps to chew food

Complete Dentures
Complete dentures or Full dentures are used when all the teeth are missing. Complete dentures can be either "conventional" or "immediate". The framework of complete dentures may be made of resin, metal or a combination of the two. Conventional Dentures and Immediate Dentures Conventional Dentures are made after the teeth have been removed and the gum tissue has begun to heal. Conventional dentures is ready for placement in the mouth about 8 to 12 weeks after the teeth have been removed.

Immediate dentures are made in advance and can be positioned as soon as the teeth are removed. As a result, the wearer does not have to be without teeth during the healing period. However, bones and gums shrink over time, especially during the healing period following tooth removal therefore, immediate dentures would usually require more adjustments to fit properly during the healing process and generally should only be considered a temporary solution until conventional dentures can be made. The healing process may comprise several months for your bone and tissue to stabilize after tooth extractions.

Implant supported over-dentures are an alternate to conventional dentures whereby a full set of dentures are placed over the dental implants with metal bar/balls that gives better retention.

Partial Dentures
Partial dentures are used when some natural teeth remain.

A removable partial denture usually consists of replacement teeth attached to a pink or gum-colored plastic base, which is connected by metal clasps or precision attachments that holds the denture in place in the mouth. Precision attachments are generally more esthetic than metal clasps and they are nearly invisible.

Orthodontics is the branch of dentistry that specialises in the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of dental and facial irregularities. These includes treatment of different conditions:

• Over-Crowding
• Deep overbite
• Open bite
• Overjet or upper protuding teeth
• Underbite or lower protuding jaw
• Crossbite
• Spaces in between teeth

Orthodontists requires professional skill in the design, application and control of corrective appliances, such as braces and retainers to bring teeth, lips and jaws into proper alignment and to achieve facial balance.

The results of orthodontic treatment can be dramatic - beautiful smiles, improved dental health and an enhanced quality of life for many people of all ages. Outstanding results are dependent on maximizing the coordination of care between you and our centres in India.

Types of Orthodontic Treatments

• Conventional Metal Braces
  Conventional metal braces are now smaller, more efficient and comfortable In recent years following many advances in orthodontic materials such as metal wires and brackets. The wires now being used are no longer just stainless steel. They are made of alloys of nickel, titanium, copper and cobalt and some of the wires are heat-activated. These new kinds of wires cause the teeth to continue to move during certain phases of treatment. In addition, braces on the front teeth typically have only the bracket bonded directly to the tooth, minimizing the "tin grin". These "space age" materials advancements exert a steady, gentle pressure on the teeth so that the tooth-moving process may be faster and more comfortable for patients.
  
  

• Clear braces
  The metal brackets on braces can now be done clear or coloured, depending on the patient's preference. Clear braces makes wearing braces less noticeable.
  
  
• Lingual Braces or Internal Braces
  An invisible method of wearing braces. Lingual Braces or Internal Braces are attached to the inside or lingual side of the teeth to allow tooth movements to be carried out while making them completely non-visible. Lingual orthodontics is particularly well-suited for adults whose professions keep them in the public eye. No one can tell they are wearing these braces. Patients can enjoy the process of orthodontia while still retaining a natural smile.
  Braces are made up of two main components: the small metal pieces (known as brackets) attached directly to the teeth, and the wire which connects them together (known as the arch wire). With standard braces, the brackets are cemented to the front of the teeth, which are quite uniform in their shape. However, lingual brackets are attached to the back side of the teeth.
  
  The back side of each tooth has its own unique shape-unlike the front of each tooth. Each lingual bracket must be custom-formed to the unique shape of each individual tooth. Treatment for lingual braces are usually more difficult than that of standard braces, thus only orthodontists trained in lingual technique are able to offer this form of specialized treatment.

Benefits of Lingual Braces
Case of Lingual Braces

• Hidden thus not visible that braces are being worn
• Bite opening and better anchorage control
• Less speech hindrance

Although the treatment is more difficult there are lots of techniques being used now which are allowing the lingual orthodontist to treat patients to the same standard as if labial appliances were being used.

Invisalign
Invisalign uses a series of clear removable custom made aligners to straighten your teeth without metal wires or brackets. This is an invisible way to straighten your teeth without braces. The course of treatment involves changing aligners to moving your teeth into straighter position step by step until you have a more beautiful smile. And unlike braces, these clear aligners can be removed while you eat and brush your teeth as usual.

Benefits of Invisalign

• Invisible thus no unwarranted attention to your mouth
• Removable thus easy to eat, brush and floss
• No brackets to catch food or plaque

Healthier gums from properly aligned teeth that help gums to "fit" tighter around each tooth
Easier cleanings in maintaining a good oral hygiene program that reduce chances of plaque buildup, tooth decay and periodontal disease

Retainers
A retainer is a custom-made, removable appliance that help teeth to maintain their new position after braces have been removed. Retainers can also be used to treat minor orthodontic problems

Endodontic Dentistry is the field of dentistry related with tooth pulp and pulp problems. Damage to teeth, such as cracks or deep cavities can reach down to the nerve tissue and blood vessels residing in the soft pulp of the tooth. Damage to the pulp can lead to painful swelling, damage to the jaw bones or muscles and the formation of abscesses. If left unchecked this could lead to loss of tooth.
Damaged pulp once led to the removal of the tooth. With today's advancement, however, dentists use a procedure called a root canal to restore and protect the tooth's nerves and blood vessels hence saving the tooth.

Benefits of Endodontic Treatment

• Removal of bacterial infection from tooth
• Removal of pain
• Prevention of further spread of infection throughout tooth to periapical tissue and surrounding bone

Our Dental Surgeon will discuss with you after a thorough dental examination your treatment options. Oral Surgery involves any dental surgical treatments, for example:

• Surgical removal of impacted wisdom teeth
• Tooth extraction
• Bone graft surgery
• Implant surgery
• Pre-prosthetic surgery such as crown-lengthening and gingivetomy
• Orthognatic surgery
• Surgical correction of jaw excess/deficiency due to:
  • Mandibular setback/advancement
  • Management of facial deformities

The Wisdom Tooth
Wisdom teeth are third molars. Normally people have three permanent molars that develop in each quadrant of the mouth. The third molars usually will try to grow in at around age 18 to 20 years.

Wisdom teeth are actually no different than any other tooth except that they are the last teeth to erupt. They are just as useful as any other tooth if they grow in properly, have a proper bite relationship and have healthy gum tissue around them. Unfortunately, this does not always happen.

When wisdom teeth are prevented from erupting into the mouth properly, they are referred to as impacted. A dentist must examine a patient's mouth and corresponding x-rays to determine if the teeth are impacted or will not grow in properly. Impacted teeth may cause problems. Here are several common problems that occurs when the impacted wisdom teeth are not removed :

• bacteria and plaque build-up
• decay of adjacent teeth
• formation of cysts (a fluid- filled sac) or tumors from follicle
• tumor development
• infection
• jaw and gum disease

Erupted wisdom teeth may need to be removed, particularly if the tooth is:

• interfering with the bite
• non-functional
• badly decayed
• involved with or at risk for periodontal disease
• interfering with restoration of an adjacent tooth

Tooth Extraction
There are a number of reasons why a tooth extraction may be required:

• the tooth is severely decayed
• advanced periodontal disease ("gum disease")
• the tooth may be broken such that it cannot be repaired
• other teeth may need removal because they are poorly positioned in the mouth (such as impacted wisdom teeth)
• preparation for orthodontic treatment ("braces")

Bone Grafts
Bone grafting procedures are usually necessary if there is not enough bone available to place dental implants or if any vital anatomy is in the way.

Today, bone grafting procedures have become almost an integral part of implant reconstruction. In many instances, a potential implant site in the upper or lower jaw does not offer enough bone volume or quantity to accommodate a Rootform Implant of proper size or in the proper place. This is usually a result of bone resorption that has taken place since one or more teeth (if not all) were lost. Bone Grafting procedures usually try to re-establish bone dimension, which was lost due to resorption.

Many years ago the lack of bone posed a considerable problem and sometimes implant placement was impossible because of that. Today, however, we have the ability to grow bone where needed. This not only gives us the opportunity to place implants of proper length and width (and for Rootform Implants we always try to go for as long and wide as possible), it also gives us a chance to restore the esthetic appearance and functionality better.

There are various types of Bone Grafting Materials available and can be categorised into five different types:

• Autograft or autogenous bone graft
• Allograft or allogenic bone graft
• Xenograft or xenogenic bone graft
• Alloplast or alloplastic bone graft
• Growth Factors

Each of the bone graft materials are usually developed with a specific purpose or advantage in mind. Your Dental Surgeon will make a decision with respect to the most suitable material for you based on your individual needs and the latest research in that field.

Orthognatic Surgery
Orthognatic surgery is performed on the bones of the jaws to change their positions. Orthognatic surgery is corrective facial surgery where deformities of the jaw exist. It may be indicated for functional, cosmetic or health reasons. It is surgery commonly carried out on the jaws in conjunction with orthodontic treatment, which straightens the teeth.

Pre-operative planning is crucial to the success of the procedure and evaluates the surgical and orthodontic options. The surgeon chooses the type of mandibular surgery based on his experience, evaluation of the photographic and cephalometric analysis and model surgery.

Orthognatic surgery is often delayed until after all of the permanent teeth have erupted unless medical conditions necessitate that the surgery be performed earlier. In adult patients, orthognathic surgery can be combined with soft tissue contouring to improve the aesthetic results.

Benefits of Orthognatic Treatment

• Corrects and balances facial and dentation
• Improves function, health, and appearance
• Enables better biting and chewing on food
• Close your lips together in certain caes
• May improve speech
• Prevents jaw joint disorder (TMJ) issues
• improves quality of life